![]() Unfortunately, real life is always more complex. For example, the figure below shows how this is done with our NMR software, Mnova.Īnd we want to calculate the area under the curve over the interval, we just need to apply the well known Fundamental Theorem of Calculus so that the resulting area will be: How are NMR integrals measured? From a user point of view, it’s very straightforward: the user selects the left and right limits of the peaks to be integrated and the software reports the area (most NMR software packages have automated routines to automatically select the spectral segments to be integrated). ![]() ![]() As Richard Ernst wrote once, Without Computers – no modern NMR. In those old days, as described in, before the FT NMR epoch, the plotter was set to integral mode and the pen was swept through the peak or group of peaks as the pen level rose with the integrated intensity.Įnough about archaic methods, we are in the 21st century now and all NMR spectra are digitalized, processed and analyzed by computers. In the analogic era, it was more convenient to measure the integral as a function of time, using an electronic integrator to sum the output voltage of the detector over the time of passage through the signals. ![]() There are other classical methods such as counting squares, planimeters or mechanical integrators but in general they were subject to large errors. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |